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  <div class="section" id="module-poplib">
<span id="poplib-pop3-protocol-client"></span><h1>21.14. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-poplib" title="poplib: POP3 protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib</span></code></a> --- POP3 protocol client<a class="headerlink" href="#module-poplib" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/poplib.py">Lib/poplib.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />
<p>This module defines a class, <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a>, which encapsulates a connection to a
POP3 server and implements the protocol as defined in <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1939.html"><strong>RFC 1939</strong></a>. The
<a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a> class supports both the minimal and optional command sets from
<span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1939.html"><strong>RFC 1939</strong></a>. The <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a> class also supports the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STLS</span></code> command introduced
in <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2595.html"><strong>RFC 2595</strong></a> to enable encrypted communication on an already established connection.</p>
<p>Additionally, this module provides a class <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3_SSL" title="poplib.POP3_SSL"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3_SSL</span></code></a>, which provides
support for connecting to POP3 servers that use SSL as an underlying protocol
layer.</p>
<p>Note that POP3, though widely supported, is obsolescent.  The implementation
quality of POP3 servers varies widely, and too many are quite poor. If your
mailserver supports IMAP, you would be better off using the
<a class="reference internal" href="imaplib.html#imaplib.IMAP4" title="imaplib.IMAP4"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imaplib.IMAP4</span></code></a> class, as IMAP servers tend to be better implemented.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-poplib" title="poplib: POP3 protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib</span></code></a> module provides two classes:</p>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="poplib.POP3">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">poplib.</code><code class="descname">POP3</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>host</em>, <em>port=POP3_PORT</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>timeout</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This class implements the actual POP3 protocol.  The connection is created when
the instance is initialized. If <em>port</em> is omitted, the standard POP3 port (110)
is used. The optional <em>timeout</em> parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for the
connection attempt (if not specified, the global default timeout setting will
be used).</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="poplib.POP3_SSL">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">poplib.</code><code class="descname">POP3_SSL</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>host</em>, <em>port=POP3_SSL_PORT</em>, <em>keyfile=None</em>, <em>certfile=None</em>, <em>timeout=None</em>, <em>context=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3_SSL" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This is a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a> that connects to the server over an SSL
encrypted socket.  If <em>port</em> is not specified, 995, the standard POP3-over-SSL
port is used.  <em>timeout</em> works as in the <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a> constructor.
<em>context</em> is an optional <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext</span></code></a> object which allows
bundling SSL configuration options, certificates and private keys into a
single (potentially long-lived) structure.  Please read <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl-security"><span class="std std-ref">Security considerations</span></a>
for best practices.</p>
<p><em>keyfile</em> and <em>certfile</em> are a legacy alternative to <em>context</em> - they can
point to PEM-formatted private key and certificate chain files,
respectively, for the SSL connection.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">在 3.2 版更改: </span><em>context</em> parameter added.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">在 3.4 版更改: </span>The class now supports hostname check with
<a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname" title="ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname</span></code></a> and <em>Server Name Indication</em> (see
<a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.HAS_SNI" title="ssl.HAS_SNI"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.HAS_SNI</span></code></a>).</p>
</div>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified">3.6 版后已移除: </span><em>keyfile</em> and <em>certfile</em> are deprecated in favor of <em>context</em>.
Please use <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain" title="ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain()</span></code></a> instead, or let
<a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.create_default_context" title="ssl.create_default_context"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.create_default_context()</span></code></a> select the system's trusted CA
certificates for you.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<p>One exception is defined as an attribute of the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-poplib" title="poplib: POP3 protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib</span></code></a> module:</p>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="poplib.error_proto">
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">poplib.</code><code class="descname">error_proto</code><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.error_proto" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Exception raised on any errors from this module (errors from <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#module-socket" title="socket: Low-level networking interface."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a>
module are not caught). The reason for the exception is passed to the
constructor as a string.</p>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">参见</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="imaplib.html#module-imaplib" title="imaplib: IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imaplib</span></code></a></dt>
<dd>The standard Python IMAP module.</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/fetchmail-FAQ.html">Frequently Asked Questions About Fetchmail</a></dt>
<dd>The FAQ for the <strong class="program">fetchmail</strong> POP/IMAP client collects information on
POP3 server variations and RFC noncompliance that may be useful if you need to
write an application based on the POP protocol.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="pop3-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>21.14.1. POP3 Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#pop3-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>All POP3 commands are represented by methods of the same name, in lower-case;
most return the response text sent by the server.</p>
<p>An <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3" title="poplib.POP3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3</span></code></a> instance has the following methods:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.set_debuglevel">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">set_debuglevel</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>level</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.set_debuglevel" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the instance's debugging level.  This controls the amount of debugging
output printed.  The default, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, produces no debugging output.  A value of
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line
per request.  A value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> or higher produces the maximum amount of
debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the control connection.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.getwelcome">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">getwelcome</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.getwelcome" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns the greeting string sent by the POP3 server.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.capa">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">capa</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.capa" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Query the server's capabilities as specified in <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2449.html"><strong>RFC 2449</strong></a>.
Returns a dictionary in the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{'name':</span> <span class="pre">['param'...]}</span></code>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">3.4 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.user">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">user</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>username</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.user" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Send user command, response should indicate that a password is required.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.pass_">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">pass_</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>password</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.pass_" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Send password, response includes message count and mailbox size. Note: the
mailbox on the server is locked until <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quit()</span></code> is called.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.apop">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">apop</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>user</em>, <em>secret</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.apop" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Use the more secure APOP authentication to log into the POP3 server.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.rpop">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">rpop</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>user</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.rpop" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Use RPOP authentication (similar to UNIX r-commands) to log into POP3 server.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.stat">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">stat</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.stat" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Get mailbox status.  The result is a tuple of 2 integers: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(message</span> <span class="pre">count,</span>
<span class="pre">mailbox</span> <span class="pre">size)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.list">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">list</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>which</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.list" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Request message list, result is in the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">['mesg_num</span> <span class="pre">octets',</span>
<span class="pre">...],</span> <span class="pre">octets)</span></code>. If <em>which</em> is set, it is the message to list.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.retr">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">retr</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>which</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.retr" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Retrieve whole message number <em>which</em>, and set its seen flag. Result is in form
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">['line',</span> <span class="pre">...],</span> <span class="pre">octets)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.dele">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">dele</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>which</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.dele" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Flag message number <em>which</em> for deletion.  On most servers deletions are not
actually performed until QUIT (the major exception is Eudora QPOP, which
deliberately violates the RFCs by doing pending deletes on any disconnect).</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.rset">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">rset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.rset" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Remove any deletion marks for the mailbox.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.noop">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">noop</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.noop" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Do nothing.  Might be used as a keep-alive.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.quit">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">quit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.quit" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Signoff:  commit changes, unlock mailbox, drop connection.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.top">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">top</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>which</em>, <em>howmuch</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.top" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Retrieves the message header plus <em>howmuch</em> lines of the message after the
header of message number <em>which</em>. Result is in form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">['line',</span> <span class="pre">...],</span>
<span class="pre">octets)</span></code>.</p>
<p>The POP3 TOP command this method uses, unlike the RETR command, doesn't set the
message's seen flag; unfortunately, TOP is poorly specified in the RFCs and is
frequently broken in off-brand servers. Test this method by hand against the
POP3 servers you will use before trusting it.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.uidl">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">uidl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>which=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.uidl" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return message digest (unique id) list. If <em>which</em> is specified, result contains
the unique id for that message in the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'response</span> <span class="pre">mesgnum</span> <span class="pre">uid</span></code>, otherwise
result is list <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">['mesgnum</span> <span class="pre">uid',</span> <span class="pre">...],</span> <span class="pre">octets)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.utf8">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">utf8</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.utf8" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Try to switch to UTF-8 mode. Returns the server response if successful,
raises <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.error_proto" title="poplib.error_proto"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_proto</span></code></a> if not. Specified in <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6856.html"><strong>RFC 6856</strong></a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">3.5 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="poplib.POP3.stls">
<code class="descclassname">POP3.</code><code class="descname">stls</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>context=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#poplib.POP3.stls" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Start a TLS session on the active connection as specified in <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2595.html"><strong>RFC 2595</strong></a>.
This is only allowed before user authentication</p>
<p><em>context</em> parameter is a <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext</span></code></a> object which allows
bundling SSL configuration options, certificates and private keys into
a single (potentially long-lived) structure.  Please read <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl-security"><span class="std std-ref">Security considerations</span></a>
for best practices.</p>
<p>This method supports hostname checking via
<a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname" title="ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname</span></code></a> and <em>Server Name Indication</em> (see
<a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.HAS_SNI" title="ssl.HAS_SNI"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.HAS_SNI</span></code></a>).</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">3.4 新版功能.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<p>Instances of <a class="reference internal" href="#poplib.POP3_SSL" title="poplib.POP3_SSL"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POP3_SSL</span></code></a> have no additional methods. The interface of this
subclass is identical to its parent.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="pop3-example">
<span id="id2"></span><h2>21.14.2. POP3 Example<a class="headerlink" href="#pop3-example" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>Here is a minimal example (without error checking) that opens a mailbox and
retrieves and prints all messages:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">getpass</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">poplib</span>

<span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">poplib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POP3</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">getpass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getuser</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pass_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">getpass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getpass</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">numMessages</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numMessages</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span>
        <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>At the end of the module, there is a test section that contains a more extensive
example of usage.</p>
</div>
</div>


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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">21.14. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poplib</span></code> --- POP3 protocol client</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pop3-objects">21.14.1. POP3 Objects</a></li>
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